遵义市农区鼠种种类及其种群数量变动规律

摘要

To provide theoretical basis for the prevention and control in agricultural area,the fluctuation of rodent species and population were investigated herein based on the monitoring date of agricultural rodent from 1986 to 2012 in 6 counties of Zunyi City,Guizhou Province.The rodents belong to 2 orders,3 families and 12 species.Of the 3 families,muridae was the dominant family,accounting for 83.33％,and the oriental species was absolutely dominant,accounting for 66.67％ of the total.Rattus norvegicus mainly distributed in the residential area,accounting for 79.47％ of the total.Rattus tanezumi and Mus musculus were the common species,accounting for 14.15％ and 3.39％,respectively,of the total.Nevertheless,in agricultural area,the dominant species was Apodemus agrarius,accounting for 91.62％ of the total.Rattus norvegicus was also the common species,accounting for 4.23％ of the total.Population quantity of rodents in agricultural area was significantly higher than that in residential area,and tended to vary sharply in different years,months and seasons.Population quantity peak of rodents in residential area was in November,and that in agricultural area was in Junc and November.Accordingly,the focal monitoring species in agricultural area of Zunyi City were Rattus norvegicus,Apodemus agrarius,Mus musculus and Rattus tanezumi.March or April in spring and August or September in autumn were the best prevention and control period,and agricultural area was the mainly region for prevention and control.%为进一步摸清农区鼠种种类及其种群数量变动规律,给农区鼠害防治提供理论依据,对贵州省遵义市6个县1986 ～2012年农区鼠情监测结果进行了分析.结果表明:遵义市农区鼠种种类隶属2目3科12种,主要集中于鼠科,占总种数的83.33％,以东洋界种类为主,占总种数的66.67％.住宅区优势种为褐家鼠,占总鼠数的79.47％,小家鼠、黄胸鼠为常见种,分别占总鼠数的14.15％、3.39％；农田区优势种为黑线姬鼠,占总鼠教的91.62％,褐家鼠为常见种,占总鼠数的4.23％.农田区混合鼠种种群数量明显高于住宅区.住宅区和农田区种群数量随着时间的推移,呈明显的下降趋势.不同年度、不同月份、不同季节种群数量存在明显差异,住宅区混合鼠种全年种群数量在11月出现1个数量高峰,农田区全年种群数量分别在6月和11月出现2个数量高峰.据此,遵义市农区灭鼠的重点是褐家鼠、黑线姬鼠、小家鼠、黄胸鼠,每年春季3～4月和秋季8～9月是农区鼠类防治的最佳适期,农田区是防治的重点区域.