Objective:To evaluate the value of ERUS on post - newadjuvant radiochemotherapy invasion staging and the factors affecting the accuracy in low regional progressed rectal cancer. Methods:Thirty - eight patients diag-nosed as low rectal cancer stage Ⅱ or Ⅲ,regional stage T3 / T4 were collected from 2014 to 2016. All patients under-went newajuvant radiochemotherapy and inspected with ERUS post - newajuvant therapy,comparing with pathological stage. The accuracy of post - newadjuvant radiochemotherapy re - staging checked with ERUS was evaluated and one way analysis of accuracy was carried out. Results:Compared with pre - newadjuvant radiochemotherapy,the blood flow in tumor was decreased(P < 0. 05),max length and thickness were decreased(t = 2. 093,P < 0. 05;t = 6. 498,P< 0. 01),uT stage was decreased(P < 0. 05). Compared with pathological stage,the accuracy of ERUS in T1 stage was 11. 11% ,in T2 stage was 28. 57% ;in T3 stage was 27. 27% ;in T4 stage was 100% . One way analysis showed fol-low - up check ERUS time,post - operation T stage and Wheeler rectal cancer regression stage affected factor to ERUS re - staging accuracy(P = 0. 043;P = 0. 004;P = 0. 017). Conclusion:ERUS re - staging in newadjuvant ra-diochemotherapy is more accurate,follow - up check ERUS in 6 weeks post newadjuvant radiochemotherapy and low regression tumor is more accurate by ERUS. ERUS is valuable in evaluating the therapy effect of newadjuvant radio-chemotherapy in low rectal cancer.%目的：评价直肠腔内彩色多普勒超声（ERUS）对低位局部进展期直肠癌新辅助放化疗后浸润分期的评估价值及其准确性的影响因素。方法：收集2014年2月至2016年2月我院确诊的Ⅱ、Ⅲ期低位直肠癌患者38例，局部 T3/ T4期，均进行新辅助放化疗。ERUS 评价放疗前后局部病灶改变情况，与病理 T 分期比较，评价 ERUS 新辅助治疗后再分期的准确性，进行准确性影响因素的单因素分析。结果：与新辅助放化疗前比较 ERUS 显示治疗后病灶内部血流分布明显减少（P <0.05），病灶纵轴最大长度及最大厚度降低（t =2.093， P <0.05；t =6.498，P <0.01），uT 分期新辅助放化疗后降低（P <0.05）。与术后病理比较，ERUS 在 T1分期准确率为11.11%，T2分期准确率为28.57%，T3分期准确率为27.27%，T4分期准确率为100%。单因素分析显示，复查 ERUS 时间、术后 T 分期及 Wheeler 直肠癌消退分级是 ERUS 对低位直肠癌再分期准确性的影响因素（P =0.043；P =0.004；P =0.017）。结论：ERUS 对 T4再分期准确性较高，在辅助放化疗结束6周后复查ERUS 及消退较差的肿瘤中准确性较高，对低位直肠癌新辅助放化疗后疗效评估有应用价值。
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