近些年蓝藻水华的大规模爆发不仅危害了水产养殖业，而且严重影响了人类日常生活、供水、旅游业等。主要介绍了蓝藻水华爆发的内在因素（假空泡、类胡萝卜素、厚壁孢子、细胞壁等）及外在因素（营养物质、温度、微量元素、滤食性鱼类等）。阐述了蓝藻水华对生产、生态和生活造成的危害，归纳总结了蓝藻水华防控的化学、物理、生物等方法。最后描述了蓝藻水华的有效利用并提出其研究中存在的问题。%In recent years, a large scale of cyanophytic blooms not only harms aquaculture, but also seriously affected daily life, water supply, tourism etc.This paper mainly introduces the internal factors ( pseudobacuoles, carotenoid, akinetes, cytoderm etc.) and external factors ( nutrient substance, temperature, trace element, filter feeding fish etc.) of the outbreak of cyanophytic blooms;elaborates the harms of cyanophytic blooms to the production, ecology, and life;and sum up chemical, physical, and biological methods to prevent and control the cyanophyte; finally de-scribes the effective utilization of cyanophytic blooms, and puts forward the existing problems in the research.
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