碳气凝胶的制备及在水处理中的应用进展

摘要

Carbon aerogels( CAs)are novel mesoporous carbon material with many excellent properties such as high porosity,high specific surface and wide density range etc. Because of their continuous three-dimensonal nano network structure controlled in mesoscopic size,CASs were widely applied as catalyst supports,electrodes for supercapacitors,thermal insulation material,adsorbents and so on. CASs were preparaed by the polycondensa-tion of resorcinol and formaldehyde,through sol-gel aging,pickling,solvent exchange,drying,and carboniza-tion. With the expanding of raw materials and change of the preparation conditions,Carbon aerogel shows some new performance and its application range is also expanding. The preparation methods,reaction mechanism of car-bon aerogel and its application in water treatment are summarized. The new feasible preparation method and appli-cation prospect in water treatment are put forward.%碳气凝胶作为一种新型纳米级多孔碳材料，具有孔隙率高，比表面大，密度范围广等优点。由于其连续的三维纳米网络结构可以在介观尺寸内控制，广泛用于催化剂载体、超级电容器的电极、隔热材料、吸附剂等。传统碳气凝胶的制备主要以间苯二酚和醛为原料，经过溶胶、凝胶、酸洗老化、溶剂交换、干燥、碳化等步骤制得。随着人们对反应原料范围的扩大和制备条件的改变，碳气凝胶表现出新的性能，它的适用范围也不断扩大。本文综述了碳气凝胶的制备方法、反应机理和在水处理中的应用进展，并探讨了未来碳气凝胶制备的改进方向及应用前景。