京津冀地区高速公路冰冻灾害风险区划

摘要

Freezing disaster is one of the main meteorological disasters at motorway during winter in Beijing-Tian-jin-Hebei region,and it is very important to make risk zoning of freezing disaster in this region.Based on the daily surface meteorological observational data at 173 weather stations from 1981 to 2015 in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei re-gion,the risk zoning of freezing disaster at motorway was proposed using the methods of Geographic Information System (ArcGIS) and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP).The results indicated that the sensitivity of freezing disaster in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region is high in the northwest and low in the southeast.The region of the highest freezing-disaster risk is located in Zhangbei grassland of Zhangjiakou,Hebei province,and the area of high sensi-tivity of freezing disaster accounts for 29.2%.The regions with a medium and high sensitivity of freezing disaster are mainly located in Beijing and the mountainous area of the northwestern part of Chengde,with an area ratio of 61.3% and 64.0%,respectively.In combination with the motorway network data,the Zhangjiakou-Shijiazhuang motorway and the northern part of Zhangjiakou-Chengde motorway in Zhangjiakou have a high risk of freezing disaster.This work can provide a reference to the prevention and mitigation of freezing disaster for the relevant management departments.%冰冻灾害是京津冀地区冬季高速公路主要的气象灾害,对冰冻灾害进行风险区划具有十分重要的意义.本文基于1981-2015年京津冀地区173个气象站的逐日地面气象观测资料,结合ArcGIS空间分析方法和AHP层次分析法,对京津冀地区高速公路冰冻灾害进行风险区划.结果表明:京津冀地区冰冻灾害敏感性总体呈西北高、东南低的空间分布特征,冰冻灾害风险最高的区域位于河北省张家口市境内的张北草原一带,冰冻灾害高敏感度区域面积比例达29.2%;北京地区和承德西北部山区为冰冻灾害中等至较高敏感度区域,面积比例分别为61.3%和64.0%.结合路网数据可知,张石高速、张承高速张家口市区以北路段为冰冻灾害的高风险路段,本文研究结果可以为相关管理部门防灾减灾提供参考依据.