关于国家干预经济成本的思考--从国家干预主义角度看王安石与司马光变法之争

摘要

There are always different views about Wang Anshi's reform in Song Dynasty. According to today’s mainstream remarks, the reform is a historic progress, and its failure results in the fact that it is strongly opposed and obstructed by the so-called conservative people headed by Sima Guang, another famous political person in the same time as Wang Anshi. The views towards Mr.Wang Anshi and Sima Guang are quite various and complicated because of different values and views;while in the view of government interventionism, we can find out that the economic costs are huge in the reform. Thus its failure was caused by those adverse outcomes. Mr. Sima Guang’s criticisms are reasonable though his view is not government interventionism.%历史上，人们对王安石变法一直是见仁见智，褒贬不一，在今天的主流认识中，人们仍然认为王安石变法图强，代表的是社会进步力量，变法失败的原因之一，是由于以司马光为首的保守顽固势力的阻挠与反对。对司马光与王安石的评价众说纷纭，是因为评者所持的角度与价值取向不同所造成，但从国家干预主义这一角度进行分析，我们会发现王安石变法中，国家干预经济成本太大，造成了许多不良的后果是变法失败的重要原因。所以，司马光对王安石变法的批评虽不是从国家干预主义角度出发，但却不无道理。