环境规制对无锡市区污染密集型制造业区位选择的影响

摘要

随着生态环境的恶化,发达地区制造业区位选择表现出强烈的环境容量制约性和政府规制主导性.本文在对1998-2008年无锡市区污染密集型制造业格局演变分析的基础上,构筑了引入环境规制影响因子的企业区位演变理论分析框架,并运用GIS空间自回归模型,对以上理论框架进行验证.结果表明,1998-2003年影响企业区位选择的主要要素为交通可达性、土地价格、开发区规划等,而环境规制相关要素对其影响不显著；而2003-2008年,表征环境规制影响强度的水质目标、清水通道等因子对制造业区位选择的影响显著,这表明环境规制开始成为影响污染密集型制造业区位的重要因子.本研究对于正确制定城市产业结构调整政策和合理引导经济环境协调发展具有重要的理论借鉴意义.%With the deterioration of ecological environment, the location choices of manufacturing industries are becoming more restricted by environmental capacity and government regulation. This paper highlights the impact of environmental regulation on the location choices of manufacturing industries. Wuxi City is selected as a case since it has faced most intensive conflicts between economic development and environmental protection. Based on the neo-classical location choice theory of manufacturing industries and the existing literature on the evolution mechanism of industrial locations, this paper established a new analytic framework of combining both traditional factors and environmental regulation factors so as to explain the location choices of pollution-intensified enterprises in Wuxi City from 1998 to 2008. We further applied a GIS-based spatial autoregressive model to explore the effects of environmental regulation on the distribution of manufacturing industries in Wuxi City. Results showed that during 1998 and 2003 the location choices of pollution intensified enterprises were mainly affected by the traditional factors such as transportation accessibility, land prices and the development zone planning, while the influence of environmental regulation factors was not significant. However, from 2003 to 2008, the environmental regulation emphasizing water quality and channels of clean water supply showed a strong effect on the location choices of pollution enterprises. This result suggested that environmental regulation has become an important factor affecting the locations of pollution intensified manufacturing. This study provides an important reference not only for the policies of industrial structure adjustment but also for the theories about the coordinated development of urban economy and environment.