一种通过地形指数提取流域自由水蓄水容量空间分布的方法

摘要

Obtaining the spatial distribution of free water storage capacity is a significant matter for distributed hydrological model.In this paper,the free water storage capacity,a parameter that has a significant effect on the simulation results of model,was selected as a research object.We have established the function relationship between topographic index and free water storage capacity to get the spatial distribution of free water storage capacity.And then this method has been applied in Chenhe Catchment which is located in Shanxi Province.Its spatial distribution of free water storage capacity could be derived by the method.A distributed model,Grid-Xin`anjiang model,is obtained based on the spatial distribution of free water storage capacity.Application of the model to the Chenhe Catchment in Shanxi Province shows that this method is effective.This method,based on the laws of physic,can calculate the spatial distribution of free water storage capacity with higher accuracy.Thus,it provides a solid basis for development of a distributed model.%对于分布式水文模型而言,如何获得参数的空间分布是模型应用的重点和难点问题.本文将分水源参数中的敏感参数——自由水蓄水容量为研究对象.建立地形指数与自由水蓄水容量的函数关系,以此提取流域内的自由水蓄水容量空间分布.最后利用本方法提取了陕西省陈河流域的自由水蓄水容量空间分布,并将之作为栅格型新安江模型的参数进行洪水模拟演算.应用结果表明本文提出的方法得到了理想的模拟结果.该方法以物理规律为基础能较为准确地计算出流域内自由水蓄水容量的空间分布,为分布式模型的发展奠定了坚实的基础.