侗族传统民居中的空间观念与方位崇拜

摘要

空间观念是文化的产物，特定范围内的细分空间体现着文化的规定性与特殊性。侗族传统民居的空间构成是侗族传统文化中空间观念的传递媒介，并在民居内的水平和垂直细分空间上都有体现。水平空间内，侗族传统民居传递的是神圣中心与四方尊卑的观念，占据着水平空间内最重要的位置，而围绕它的四个方位之中，左比右尊、北比南卑。垂直空间上，民居的上、中、下三层分别对应了神、人、鬼三界，而且在地位优势上也呈现对应的递减关系。%Space concept is a kind of cultural product.Spatial division in specific area embodies cultural provision and its unique fea-ture.Space constitution of traditional Dong dwelling is such a passing media of space concept in traditional Dong culture.And its con-notation is passed out through spatial division in both horizontal and vertical levels.Horizontally,the concept presented in traditional Dong dwelling is sacred center and humility and nobility in four directions around the centre.The centre is a holy place,and it occu-pies the most important position in this area.While among those four orientations around it,left is more noble than right,and south is better than north.In vertical space,three storey of upper,middle and lower inside the dwelling correspond to god,human and ghost respectively.The positional advantage of these three levels is decreasing accordingly as well.