海州露天矿排土场立地类型划分及立地质量评价

摘要

Dumping years was the main factor to effect the gangue weathering degree, soil physical characteristics, vegeta-tion type and growth condition.The opencast dumping site in Haizhou can be divided by four site type according to dumping years, such asⅠclass dumping years of gangue pile was more than 50 years, the weathering layer thickness was 50cm, the soil structure was better and physical and chemical indicators was higher than the other type of gangue pile.It had a lot of adaptive plant and the good condition of carrying manual vegetation recovery.Ⅱclass dumping years of gangue pile was 30~50 years, the weathering layer thickness was 40cm, the soil structure was well-formed and physical index was lower thanⅠclass and higher thanⅢ、Ⅳtype gangue pile.It was suitable for shrub of strong stress resistance and arbor species.Ⅲclass dumping years of gangue pile was 10~30 years, the weathering layer thickness was 25 cm, the soil structure was ordinary.The soil aeration was worse.It should be taken some auxiliary measures to carry vegetation recovery.Ⅳclass dumping years of gangue pile was less than 10 years, the weathering layer thickness was below 10 cm.It had high ground temperature and spontaneous combustion phenomenon and little soil granular structure.It was unable to carry the vegetation recovery.%排矸年限是影响矸石风化程度、土壤理化性质、植被种类及生长状况的主导因素，因此，按照排矸年限可将海州露天矿排土场划分为四种立地类型：Ⅰ类矸石山排矸年限＞50 a，风化层厚度50 cm，土壤结构较好，物理理化指标均高于其他类型矸石山；适生植物种类较多，具备了进行人工植被恢复的良好条件。Ⅱ类矸石山排矸年限30～50 a，风化层厚度40 cm，土壤结构良好，物理指标低于Ⅰ类矸石山高于Ⅲ、Ⅳ类型矸石山；适合于抗逆性强的灌木或乔木树种。Ⅲ类矸石山排矸年限10～30 a，风化层厚度25 cm，土壤结构一般，土壤通气性较差；植被恢复时应采取一些辅助措施。Ⅳ类矸石山排矸年限＜10 a，风化层厚度10 cm以下，地温高，且有自燃现象，几乎无风化层、无土壤团粒结构；尚不能进行植被恢复。