农户化肥施用技术效率及其影响因素分析--基于4省水稻种植户的调查数据

摘要

农户化肥施用低效率是造成我国农业面源污染的原因之一。利用4省577个水稻种植户的微观调研数据，采用基于SFA方法的单一投入要素技术效率测度模型，对我国农户化肥施用技术效率进行测算，并利用Tobit模型分析其影响因素。结果表明：水稻种植农户的平均化肥施用技术效率仅为0．35，存在很大的节肥空间；户主年龄与参加农业技术培训对农户生产技术效率和化肥施用技术效率都起到了显著正向促进作用，而耕地细碎化、劳动力外出务工却显著降低了农户的化肥施用技术效率，户主受教育年限、种粮补贴和水稻商品化尽管对农户生产技术效率具有正向促进作用，但无助于其化肥施用技术效率的提升。%Excessive application of chemical fertilizer had big influence on agricultural nonpoint source pollution.In this paper,stochastic frontier approach(SFA) is employed to estimate China’s fertilizing technical efficiency at the household level,and Tobit model is employed to analyze its determinants.The results show that the average technical efficiency of fertilizing is just 0.35.There remains large potential for fertilizer⁃saving.La⁃bor out⁃migration,land fragmentation,and low quality chemical fertilizers obstruct the improvement of fertilizing technical efficiency to some extent;meanwhile,householder’ s age and agricultural training can be greatly con⁃ducive to promoting the producing technical efficiency and fertilizing technical efficiency.