晚明文学社群开始走向联盟，社群门户界限相对打破。但社盟分社毕竟为独立实体，文社之间存在差异亦所难免，这就极易导致社盟分社之间的某种“对立”。即使社盟文人群体门户意识相对淡薄，但社盟外之文社与社盟之间的对立依然存在。因此，明末文社之间的门户对立实难避免，社群文人士子亦在无形中形成一种门户观念。其形成原因主要有三：朝野党政的激烈；科举竞争的必要；讲学风气的影响。此种门户观念对当时文学家影响很大，主要表现在：社群文人群体门户观念督促他们遵守本社社规社约。社群文人群体门户观念促使他们竭力维护社群利益，谋求社群发展。影响最大的是社群文人士子具有极强的排他性。总之，由于明末社群文人思想观念中潜在的门户观念，文社之间的对立就显得不可避免，树门别户成为此期文坛的主要特征之一。%The late Ming Dynasty literature community began to unite,and community portal boundaries are broken rela-tively.But due to the independence of the community union branches,the differences between the communites were inevi-table,which could easily lead to a certain opposition between community union branches.Even if the group portal con-sciousness in the union is relatively weak,the opposition between the community union and the non-union communities still existed.So in the late Ming Dynasty the portal opposition between the literature communities was inevitable.Natu-rally a portal concept formed in the literati.Here are three main reasons:the fierce rivalry between the political parties;the fierce competition of imperial examination;the influence of lectures atmosphere.The portal concept had a great impact on the literati at that time,which mainly were showed in:the community portal concept made the literati comply with the rules of their communities;the community portal concept urged them to stand up for and develop their communities.The greatest impact was probably showed by the strong exclusiveness of the communities.In short,due to the potential ideas of the late Ming Dynasty literati about community portal concept,the opposition between the literature communities seemed inevitable,and to set up their portal concept was a main characteristics of literature of that period.
展开▼
