单词的结构及其形成机制--以日语ABAB重叠词为中心

摘要

From an observation of the mechanism of word formation, the author finds that it is closely related with the structure. The first point to be examined is the arbitrariness and the selectivity, depending on a single word or compound word. Secondly, the arbitrariness and the selectivity are sometimes not in terms of A or B, since some of the words can be found in both. For instance, the Japanese overlapping words ABAB can be divided into two kinds:reduplicated words and overlapping words. The former, with features of a single-morpheme word, are the disposable element of word-formation, representing the arbitrariness in forming the words. The latter has a compound character, belonging to the second occurrence of word-formation, and represents the performance of selectivity during the word-formation process. This difference is not only reflected in the level of structure, but also lies in the pragmatic aspect of speech.%从单词形成机制观察，发现与结构密切相关。首先是任意性或选择性，取决于单纯词或复合词。其次任意性或选择性，有时也不是非A即B，有些词中两者兼有。例如日语ABAB重叠词，可分为叠音词与叠词。前者具有单纯词特征属一次性造词，表现为造词过程中的任意性。后者具有复合词特征属二次性造词，表现为造词过程中的选择性。这种差异不仅表现在结构层面，而且也体现在语音语用方面。