近代汉字新词对日传播的历史成因解读

摘要

19世纪中后期，在中国产生的汉字新词主要通过文字接触的途径实现了对日传播，为近代日语汉字新词的形成提供了基础养料和参考，最终与大量在日本创造出来的汉字新词一起在近代日本社会传播并为人们所接受和使用，为20世纪初叶日语词汇流入汉语提供了可能。本文对汉字新词对日传播并实现新生的过程进行了梳理，立足于中国和日本向近代化社会转型的历史背景，分析了这一语言现象背后隐含着的深层社会文化原因，揭示了中日两国近代化过程的特殊性、文化心理的差异性以及语言文化发展的规律性等因素对汉字新词传播流向的影响。%Since the middle and later periods of the 19th century, modern words created in China have spread to Japan primarily by means of language contact. The entry of these words provides support and reference for the formation of new Japanese words, resulting in the social assimilation and the spread of new Japanese words into Chinese in the early 20th century. The paper surveys, from the historical perspective of the social transition toward modernism, the derivation and the spreading process of new words from Chinese to Japanese. It also explores the social and cultural causes hidden behind this phenomenon and reveals the influence of such factors as the special characteristics of China and Japan in modernization, the constraint of traditional culture, and Japanese multi-culturalism on the direction in which new words spread.