Microstructure and high-temperature dry sliding wear at 600 ~C in ambient air of austenitic heat-resistant steel ZG40Cr25Ni20 with different contents （mass percent） of AI （0 to 7.10~） have been investigated. The results show that microstructures of 4.68% and 7.10% A1 addition content consist of the matrix and reinforcement of inter- metallic compound y＇ and carbide, while microstructures of ZG40Cr25Ni20 without A1 and with A1 of 1.68% are ab- sent of y＇. Higher wear resistance than the original ZG40Cr25Ni20 alloy is achieved in alloys with higher content of A1 under the same high-temperature wear test condition. The wear rates of Fe-25Cr-20Ni-7.10A1 and Fe-25Cr-20Ni- 4.68A1 are only 20.83% and 45.83% of that of Fe-25Cr-20Ni, respectively. Heat-resistant steels with higher con- tents of AI （4.72% and 7.10%） have higher hardness than those with lower contents of AI （1.68% and 0）. Wear mechanisms of ZG40Cr25Ni20 are considered as severe plough plastic deformation and slight adhesive. However, wear mechanisms of Fe-25Cr-20Ni 4.68A1 are light micro-cutting and oxidation-wear, while that of Fe-25Cr-20Ni- 7. 10A1 are severe adhesive transfer and oxidation-wear_
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