母体肥胖与子代神经精神疾病相关性及机制的研究进展

摘要

In recent years, the global prevalence of obesity continues to rise and the problem of overweight and obesity among women of childbearing age has become more prominent, leading to worldwide attention. Obesity can contribute to a series of diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, kidney disease, etc. At the same time, more and more evidences indicated that maternal obesity might have potential and long-term adverse effects on the development of their offspring. Previous studies mainly focused on the endocrine changes in maternal obesity -related offspring, whereas some epidemiological investigations and animal model studies have recently shown the correlations between maternal obesity and nervous and mental diseases in its offspring. This article provides an overview of the effects of maternal obesity on the nervous and mental system in the offspring, including the occurrence and development of intellectual disability, schizophrenia, autism, anxiety, and Alzheimer′s disease. Additionally, it can elucidate the correlative mechanism, which would have crucial clinical and social significance in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of the nervous and mental diseases for maternal obesity-related offspring.%近年来，肥胖症发病率持续上升，育龄妇女的超重和肥胖问题也日渐突出，已成为全球关注的焦点之一。肥胖可引起心脑血管疾病、肿瘤、糖尿病、肾病等一系列疾病，与此同时，大量证据表明妊娠期肥胖会对子代发育产生潜在和长期的不良影响。过去的研究多集中于肥胖母体对子代内分泌代谢的影响，而最近的流行病学调查和动物实验发现，母体肥胖与其子代多种神经系统疾病和精神疾病之间也存在显著关联，如子代智力障碍、精神分裂症、孤独症、焦虑症及阿尔茨海默病等。对母体肥胖与子代神经和精神疾病的相关性及发病机制进行综述，这对于在肥胖母体的子代中该类疾病的预防、诊断及治疗具有重要的临床价值和积极的社会意义。