试析“子罕言利与命与仁”的正确解读兼及«论语»利、仁、命、与四字使用状况

摘要

历代学者对“子罕言利与命与仁”这句话有各种解读。经过对«论语»的详细分析和比对，认定句中的“与”肯定不是连词，而只是表示“认同”和“赞许”之义的动词。句中的“罕言”和“与”表达的是孔子的两种不同态度。句中的“罕言利”符合孔子态度，“罕言命与仁”则严重失实。由于孔子是认同“命”与“仁”的，则本句正确标点应为“子罕言利，与命，与仁。”由于两“与”字同义，第二个“与”字在现代译文中也可作为连词“和”使用，因此，该句唯一合理的译文应是：“孔子很少谈论私利，赞许命运和仁德”。%Generations of scholars and experts have contested the meaning of “Zi Han Yan Li Yu Ming Yu Ren”,each arriving at different interpretation treatments on the first character Yu. Through analyzing the passages in Analects of Confucius,this paper argues that first“yu”cannot be treated as the conj unction “and”.Instead,“yu”simply acts as a verb,meaning to “uphold”and “praise”.In other words,the characters “han yan”and “yu”hold two different connotations. The characters “han yan li”are consistent with Confucius′attitude against profitableness,but“han yan ming yu ren”does not conform to his philosophies.Since Confucius praises “ming”and“ren”,the phrase should be correctly punctuated as,“zhi han yan li,yu ming,yu ren”.As “yu”is used in the same way twice,the second “yu”can be taken in contemporary Chinese linguistics to mean the conj unction “and”;thus,the only reasonable meaning of this phrase should be:“Confucius seldom speaks of self interest ,but often speaks of fate and benevolence”.