圣人与道德运气

摘要

当代哲学家提出“道德运气”（moral luck）的说法①[1]ch2[2]ch3使得“我们是否应该为自己的行为负责”的争论成为热门话题，因为如果我们的行为会受到运气的影响，则我们还需要为自己的行为负责吗？如果道德运气会影响行为的评价，则一个人是否能成为一个有道德的人，似乎也有运气的成分，然而如果我们说“圣人是靠运气”，这显然和我们一般的道德常识或传统的道德理论有所抵触。道德运气的概念是否因此破坏道德责任的基础，道德圣人作为一个道德理想是否因此失去意义。%The statement of “moral luck” proposed by contemporary philosophers leads to the debate“Whether we should be responsible for our actions ”becoming a hot topic.Because if our behaviors are influ-enced by luck, need we be responsible for our behaviors?If moral luck can affect the evaluation of the behav-iors, then whether a person can become a moral person seems to be influenced by luck , too.However, the statement of “The sage is luck” is clearly inconsistent with the general moral common sense or traditional mor-al theory.Does the concept of “moral luck” therefore undermine the basis of moral responsibility? Does the moral saint as a moral ideal therefore lose its meaning?