董仲舒政治哲学的形上基础及其现代诠释

摘要

The research on Dong Zhongshu should start with his achievements on historical philosophy in integrating, inheriting, studying and annotating Confucian classics and observe their central propositions. Dong Zhongshu’s thought does not totally depend on political facts of the Han Dynasty but on Confucianism and the philosophers in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States. He put forward the theory of “telepathy between heaven and man” based on Spring and Autumn as well as The Annals of Spring and Autumn. His Confucian thoughts originated from the theories of The Book of Change, The Book of History, The Annals of Spring and Autumn and different schools in Pre-qin Period. Besides, during the reign of Emperor Wu of the Western Han Dynasty, there was a realistic demand in political change and the government wanted to transform from being inactive to being enterprising, which is the basis for the formation of Dong Zhongshu’s thought. Dong Zhongshu’s political philosophy has not only metaphysical basis but also modern interpretation. It can be called as the management system of modern ecology.%对董仲舒的研究应从对他整合、继承、研究、注解儒学经典的历史哲学成果入手，体察其中心命题。董仲舒的思想不完全依赖汉代政治事实而定，其另有儒学及诸子之学所本。董仲舒在《春秋》经与《公羊传》的基础上提出了“天人感应”理论。其在儒学内部的思想渊源包括易学、尚书学、春秋公羊学，还综合了先秦的各家学说。同时，西汉进入汉武帝时期，政治变革已然有了现实需求，政府意欲从无为清静转变为有为进取，这是董仲舒思想形成的基础。董仲舒的政治哲学，不但具备形而上学的基础，还有其现代诠释，是具有现代生态化的管理体系。