干旱胁迫对不同冬小麦品种水分利用效率及产量性状的影响

摘要

为了研究干旱胁迫对冬小麦主要性状的影响及其机理,选用12个抗旱性不同的冬小麦品种,在干旱胁迫和自然降雨2种环境条件下,研究干旱胁迫对其水分利用效率(WUE)及产量性状的影响.结果表明,干旱胁迫导致株高降低6.9％～25.6％,产量下降2.4％～56.2％,WUE增加17.0％～84.9％,穗粒数减少0.4％～17.1％,有效穗数下降2.4％～34.1％,穗长缩短0.21％～11.8％,各性状对干旱敏感程度都存在明显的品种间差异.产量下降幅度随品种抗旱性的增强而逐渐减弱,WUE增加幅度随品种抗旱性的增强而增加.WUE及产量性状的相关分析表明,干旱胁迫条件下,有效穗数、株高、WUE可作为判定某一品种抗旱性的间接依据,即成穗数多、籽粒饱满、株高稳定性好、水分利用效率高的小麦品种抗旱性好,从而获得较高的产量.%The effect of drought stress on WUE and agronomic traits of different winter wheat cultivars and its mechanism were studied using 12 wheat cultivars as test materials in two environmental conditions (drought and rainfall). The results showed that,under drought stress,the plant height reduced by 6. 9% -25. 6% ,the yield reduced by 2. 4% -56. 2% ,the WUE increased by 17. 0% - 84. 9%, the grain number per spike reduced by 0. 4% - 17. 1% , panicle number reduced by 2. 4% - 34. 1% and panicle length reduced by 0. 21% -11. 8%. The drought sensitivity of traits was significant difference among wheat cultivars. The decline of yield was diminished with the increase of drought resistance in wheat cultivars. The increase rate of WUE enhanced with the increase of drought resistance in wheat cultivars. The correlation analysis between WUE and agronomic traits showed that the effective spike number,plant height and WUE could be used as the indirect basis to judge the drought resistance of wheat cultivars under drought stress condition. The wheat cultivars with higher drought resistance had more effective ears,full grains,stable plant height and higher WUE,so had a higher yield.