溶磷细菌对复垦土壤有效磷及各形态无机磷含量的影响

摘要

In order to explore the effect of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria on phosphorus(P),the tricalcium phosphate-solubilizing abilities of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and their combinations were tested using laboratory shake-flask culture,so as to determine the optimal combination,and then the effect of the optimal combination of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria on the available P and various forms of inorganic P contents in reclaimed soils was studied.The results showed that the available P content was the highest in the culture broth of Rahnella sp (W2)+ fluorescent Pseudomonas 1 (W3)+ fluorescent Pseudomonas 2 (W4),which was 609.1 mg/L.Thus,W2+W3+W4 was selected as the optimal combination of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria.The application of fertilizer with optimal combination of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria increased available P content in reclaimed soil,and the order was BG(phosphate-solubilizing bacteria fertilizer+ tricalcium phosphate)>B(phosphate-solubilizing bacteria fertilizer)>MG(matrix+tricalcium phosphate)>M(matrix)>CK(blank).At the corn seedling,jointing and harvest stage,the contents of available P of B treatment significantly increased by 15.7％,119.7％,54.1％ compared with the M treatment,respectively;the contents of available P of BG treatment increased by 55.8％,91.8％,88.9％ compared with the MG treatment,respectively.At the corn seedling and harvest stage,the application of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria fertilizer significantly increased by 86.6％,88.7％,38.6％,83.3％ compared with the M treatment at the harvest stage,respectively;the order of Ca10-P and O-P contents was MG>BG>M>B>CK,the influence of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria on the content of O-P was small,the influence of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria on the content of Ca10-P was big,the Ca10-P contents of B and BG treatments decreased by 5.8％,23.1％ and 9.5％,24.4％ compared with the M and MG treatments,indicating that phosphate-solubilizing bacteria could decrease the content of Ca10-P in reclaimed soil.Soil available P content had significantly positively correlation with contents of Ca2-P,Ca8-P,Al-P,Fe-P,and no significant correlation with the contents of O-P and Ca10-P.%为探索溶磷细菌在复垦土壤中对磷的作用效果,采用室内摇瓶培养的方法,研究了溶磷细菌及其组合对磷酸钙的溶解能力,从而确定最佳组合,并探讨最佳组合溶磷细菌对复垦土壤有效磷及各形态无机磷含量的影响.结果表明,拉恩式菌(W2)+ 荧光假单胞菌1(W3)+荧光假单胞菌2(W4)培养液的有效磷含量最高,为609.1 mg/L,其为最佳溶磷细菌组合.施用此溶磷细菌组合肥可以增加复垦土壤有效磷含量,复垦土壤有效磷含量表现为BG(溶磷细菌肥+磷酸钙)处理>B(溶磷细菌肥)处理>MG(基质+磷酸钙)处理>M(基质)处理>CK(空白),其中,B处理在苗期、拔节期、收获期分别比M处理显著增加15.7％、119.7％、54.1％,BG处理在苗期、拔节期、收获期分别比MG处理显著增加55.8％、91.8％、88.9％.在玉米苗期和收获期,施用溶磷细菌可以增加复垦土壤Ca2-P、Ca8-P、Fe-P、Al-P含量,其中收获期B处理比基质处理M分别显著增加86.6％、88.7％、38.6％、83.3％;复垦土壤O-P和Ca10-P含量均表现为MG>BG>M>B>CK,溶磷细菌对复垦土壤O-P含量影响较小,对Ca10-P含量影响较大,苗期和收获期B、BG处理Ca10-P含量分别比对应的基质处理M、MG处理降低5.8％、23.1％和9.5％、24.4％,即溶磷细菌可以减少复垦土壤Ca10-P的含量.土壤有效磷含量与土壤Ca2-P、Ca8-P、Al-P、Fe-P含量呈极显著正相关,与O-P、Ca10-P含量无显著相关性.