“生产的自然条件”与生产力发展的二重性——析马克思主义生产力理论之生态文明视角

摘要

Abstract： Mar＇s theory of productive has dual perspectives. The so -called ＂standard of productivity＂ of materialist historical view is the view of value based on the perspective of industrial civilization and withouttaking into account of ＂natural conditions of production＂. So its status can only exist on the sense of generality as ＂ultimate motive power determining the development of history＂. While in the study of actual development mode of productivity, Marx established the notion of ＂natural conditions＂ from the perspective of ecological civ- ilization, grounded on post - industrial civilization, and defined the practical meaning of the development ofproductivity. That is, whether productivity can realize good combination with ＂natural conditions＂. In this way, the direction was pointed out for human beings to transfer from the productive mode of industrial eivilization to the one of ecological civilization.%马克思的生产力理论具有双重视角。唯物史观所谓的“生产力标准”，是立足于工业文明的视角，在不考虑“生产的自然条件”前提下而得出的价值观；因此，它尽管赋有“决定历史发展的终极动力”地位，毕竟只能在普遍性的意义上存在。而在对现实的生产力发展模式的研究中，马克思立足于后工业文明的生态文明视角，创立了“生产的自然条件”范畴，并据此界定了生产力发展的现实意义：生产力能否实现与“生产的自然条件”之良性结合。这就为人类从工业文明的生产方式转型为生态文明的生产方式指明了路向。