“形式”转换：从形式主义到结构主义

摘要

从俄国形式主义到布拉格结构主义的学术演变集中体现在对“形式”的不同理解上。具体而言，俄国形式主义将之阐释为以“手法”为核心的陌生化美学体系，布拉格学派则将之阐释为“结构”。仔细辨析他们的理论探索，可以发现两者间的联系是复杂的。在俄国形式主义内部，存在着从早期的“手法”到晚期的由“系统”整合“功能”的转变；在布拉格学派内部，存在着将“系统”改写为“结构”的转变，进而把形式主义改写为结构主义的转变。在上述转变的基础上，布拉格学派继承并超越了俄国形式主义，建立了成熟的结构主义理论体系。%The term “form” is the key point to understand the evolution from Russian Formalism to Praguian Structuralism.To be specific,“form” has been interpreted by Russian Formalism as a system of estrangement aesthetics and the key concept of which is“device”.The Prague School explained it as“structure”.By reviewing and discriminating their relationship in theoreti-cal works, this paper aims to discover the complexity of the relationship.There is a transformation from“device” of early Rus-sian Formalism to“system” and“function” of its later stage.The Prague School has adapted“system” to“structure”, and then brought about the transformation from Formalism to Structuralism.To sort them out, the paper arrives at the conclusion that the Prague School has inherited and surpassed Russian Formalism, thus constructed the system of Structuralism.