强有力政府与政党内阁：民初建立共和政治的困境--以孙中山与宋教仁的共和政治设计为中心

摘要

辛亥革命爆发以前，孙中山与宋教仁对如何实现共和政治有着不同的设计，其要点是需要一段时间革命党独揽大权还是立即实行民主宪政；是权力比较集中的总统制还是限制总统权力的内阁制；是一党制还是两党制。由于武昌起义以后的政治现实，孙中山和宋教仁的设计都没有实现，共和政治的建立陷入困境。%Before the outbreak of the Revolution in 1911, Sun Yat-sen and Song Jiaoren had different blueprints on how to a-chieve the Republican politics.The key arguments between them are listed as follows:whether to centralize the authority in the revolutionary party for a period of time or to adopt democratic constitutionalism immediately;whether to implement the power-concentrated presidential system or the cabinet system to limit the power of president;whether to carry out a single-party system or to carry out a two-party system.Due to the political reality after the Wuchang uprising, both Sun Yat-sen and Song Jiaoren's political ideas didn't come true and the establishment of the republican politics arrived at a dilemma.