陈确《性解》对宋儒人性论的批判

摘要

Chen Que was a great thinker between late Ming Dynasty and early Qing Dynasty.Similar to the idea in On Da Xue, he wrote a series of great works entitled Xingjie to criticize the human nature theory of Confucian Scholars in Song Dynasty, which re-flects the fall of metaphysics in early Qing Dynasty.Chen Que objected to studying ontology and to the discerption of heaven and human in the theory of human nature.According to him, there were Zen obstacles in it.Besides, he argued that human's desire and justice can not be divided, and further pointed out“how to be a saint without desire?” and“justice is embodied in the human desire.” By thorough and detailed textual research on the theory of human nature, he played an important role in the trend of criti-cizing the view of“saving justice and destroying human desire”, proposed by the Confucian scholars in Song Dynasty.%晚明清初思想家陈确的《性解》系列论著对宋儒人性论的批判，与他的《大学辨》一样都是当时批判宋明理学的重要成果，反映了清初“形上玄远之学”正渐趋于没落。陈确反对捉摸本体，反对人性的天、人二分，认为其中有“禅障”；他主张人欲与天理的不可分，指出“无欲安可作圣”、“天理正从人欲中见”。陈确对人性论的考辨特别彻底、详尽，在明清之际批判宋儒“存天理灭人欲”的思潮之中，可谓是承上启下的重要一环。