行政垄断、技术进步与行业收入差距*--基于工业行业面板数据的实证分析

摘要

The industry income gap in China has increased first and then decreased,but the rate of decline is relatively small.The income gap between different industries is still large,and the high income of monopoly industries is the main factor causing the widening income gap.Through the analysis of total factor productivity of monopoly and non monopoly industries,we find that the monopoly industries have higher technical improvement than the competitive industries.Using 2003—2012 panel data of 34 industries,we analyze the effect of technological progress and the administrative monopoly on the industry income gap.The results show that:the administrative monopoly is still a major factor in widening income gap;total factor productivity is conducive to narrowing the income gap between the industry,and little effect.Technical improvement has expanded the income gap among industries.Pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency has reduced the income gap between the industries.We can narrow the income gap between the industry from two aspects of technical and administrative monopoly.The introduction of market mechanisms to break the administrative monopoly is the main way.%我国行业收入差距呈现先增后降的趋势，但下降幅度较小，行业间收入差距仍然较大，垄断行业的过高收入是造成收入差距扩大的主要因素。测算垄断行业和非垄断行业全要素生产率，结果发现垄断行业比非垄断行业具有更高的全要素生产率和技术改进。采用2003—2012年34个工业行业的面板数据，实证检验技术进步和行政垄断对行业收入差距的影响，回归结果表明：行政垄断仍然是行业收入差距扩大的主要因素，全要素生产率的提高有利于缩小行业收入差距，但影响作用较小；技术改进拉大了行业间的收入差距，纯技术效率和规模效率有利于行业收入差距的缩小。缩小行业收入差距可以从技术进步和行政垄断两方面入手，引入市场机制打破行政垄断是主要途径。