教练员执教方式对非自主性动机的影响研究

摘要

The research aims to explore the relationship between athletes 'perception of coaching style, basic psychological needs and motivation orientation .Questionnaire including Perceived Autonomy Support scales, The Controlling Interpersonal Style in a Coaching Context, Basic Needs Satisfaction in Sport Scale, The Sport Motivation Scale-II were administrated to 416 selected athletes, and using Structure Equation Model to test the relationship of aforementioned three factors.The result shows that:1.The modified Mediate Model fits the most of SEM simulation, which says the scores of athletes'perception of con-trolled coaching style can directly predict the scores of non-self-determined, and the scores of athletes'perception of sup-porting coaching style need the psychological basic needs as a mediator to predict the scores of non-self-determined motiva-tion.2.As the regression analysis of the three variables shows, the Coerce dimension of athletes'perception of coaching style can predict the non-motivation and external motivation best; the Competence Need dimension of psychological basic needs can predict the non-motivation best;the Relationship Need can predict external motivation reversely best.The results provide a solid empirical support for the Self-determined Theory, meanwhile, some indigenous Chinese culture factors can help to ex-plain the relationship more effectively.%为了探索教练员执教方式、心理需求及动机倾向之间的关系,使用自主支持量表简表(Perceived Autonomy Support scales),控制型执教行为量表(The Controlling Interpersonal Style in a Coaching Context),运动员基本心理需求满量表(Basic Needs Satisfaction in Sport Scale),中国版的《运动动机量表》(The Sport Motivation Scale-II)对416名被试者进行问卷测量,尝试建立各变量之间的结构方程模型.结果表明:1)结构方程模型拟合结果支持了修正中介模型,即控制型执教方式可直接预测非自主性动机,自主支持型执教方式以心理需要为中介预测非自主性动机.2)各变量间的回归分析表明,控制性执教方式中威迫对无动机和外部动机都具有最强的预测作用;心理需求中能力需要对无动机具有最强的预测作用;关系需要对外部动机具有最强的负向预测作用.研究结果既为自我决定理论提供了实证性证据,同时也体现出本土文化特征.