中产田测土配方施肥对水稻肥料利用率、产量及经济效益的影响

摘要

Through the plot experiment,a study on effect of rice equilibrium fertilization and regular fertilization on fertilizer utilization efficiency,yield and economic benefits in medium-yield field was conducted.The results showed that equilibrium fertilization was better than regular fertilization not only in fertilizer utilization efficiency,but also in yield and economic benefits.In terms of the utilization efficiency of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium,using equilibrium fertilization completed processing scheme 2（equilibrium fertilization N2P2K2,fertilizer amount： N 150kg/hm2,P2O5 52kg/hm2,K2O 120kg/hm2） was better than regular fertilization completed processing scheme 6（regular N2P2K2,fertilizer amount： N 200.7kg/hm2,P2O5 72kg/hm2,K2O 126kg/hm2）.The partial productivity of scheme 2 was 16.38kg/kg in nitrogen,49.42kg/kg in phosphorus,7.54kg/kg in potassium higher than that of scheme 6 respectively.The agronomic efficiency of scheme 2 was 4.91kg/kg in nitrogen,5.76kg/kg in phosphorus,and 1.36kg/kg in potassium higher than that of scheme 6.The fertilizer recovery rate of scheme 2 was 1.98% in phosphorus,6.38% in phosphorus,and 8.22% in potassium higher than that of the scheme 6.Equilibrium fertilization scheme 2 yielded（8113.50kg/hm2） higher than that of scheme 6（7568.40kg/hm2）.The lowest yield（5412kg/hm2）was gained by zero treatment 1（zero treatment N0P0K0）.The same results also appeared in economic benefits： scheme 2 was 17 735.95yuan/hm2,scheme 6 was 16 074.31yuan/hm2 and zero treatment 1 was 12 260.16yuan/hm2.%通过田间小区试验,研究中产田测土配方施肥与常规施肥对水稻肥料利用率、产量及经济效益的影响。结果表明,无论是肥料利用率或是产量及经济效益,测土配方施肥处理均优于常规施肥处理。测土N2P2K2比常规N2P2K2纯N、P2O5、K2O分别少施50.7kg/hm2、19.5 kg/hm2、6kg/hm2,但测土N2P2K2比常规N2P2K2的氮、磷、钾肥偏生产力分别高16.38kg/kg、49.42kg/kg、7.54kg/kg;氮、磷、钾肥农学利用率分别高4.91kg/kg、5.76kg/kg、1.36kg/kg;氮、磷、钾肥回收利用率分别高1.98%、6.38%、8.22%。测土配方施肥处理与相对应常规施肥处理的有效穗、千粒重差别不大,穗实粒数、产量差异较大,测土N2P2K2产量8 113.50kg/hm2,常规N2P2K2产量7 568.40kg/hm2;测土配方施肥处理比相对应的常规施肥处理经济效益高,测土N2P2K2收益17 735.95元/hm2,常规N2P2K2收益16 074.31元/hm2。