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明清时期五仙道观与金花信仰揆析

         

摘要

明清时期金花夫人附祀五仙观,既有信仰地理因素的作用,更有道教女仙信仰传统的考量。五仙观收编民间祠神金花夫人,促使其由世俗性的女巫转变为宗教性的女仙,其中关键在于将金花夫人视为西王母之妹,此为五仙观融摄金花夫人传说的基础。五仙观兼祀金花夫人,应在嘉靖初年至天启五年之间,或与嘉靖初广东提学魏校推行大规模捣毁淫祠的政策有关。金花夫人入祀五仙观后,道教中人对其进行提升和纯化,金花夫人功能多元化。清代嗣武,五仙观中继续奉祀金花夫人,强化了五仙观的本土信仰传统。%Mrs. Jin Hua was enshrined in Five Immortals Temple in Ming and Qing Dynasties,which took both the geographic factors of the belief and the tradition of Taoist female immortals belief into account. The pantheon of Five Immortals Temple accepted the folk goddess Mrs. Jin Hua and made her change from the folk witch to the religious female immortal. The key to make it happen was that Mrs. Jin Hua was considered as the sister of the Queen Mother of the West,which was also the basis that Taoist temple Five Immortals Temple incorporated the legend of Mrs. Jin Hua. The time that Mrs. Jin Hua was worshipped in Five Immortals Temple was between the beginning of Jiajing(1522)and the fifth year of Tianqi(1625),possibly relating to the policy of destroying the illegal temples on a large scale by the Guangdong Provincial Education Commissioner Wei Jiao in the beginning of Jiajing( 1522 ). After her enshrining in Five Immortals Temple, Taoists purified her function and made it diversified. During Qing Qynasty,Mrs. Jin Hua was worshipped continually in Five Immortals Temple,which strengthened the indigenous belief tradition of Five Immortal Temple.

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