政府主导下民间信仰文化的传承与发展--基于田横祭海仪式与宝格德圣山祭祀仪式的比较

摘要

To compare theceremony process and social impact betweenTian Heng ceremony in Qingdao city of Shandongand theBao Gede holy ritual in New Barag RightBanner Hulun Buir of Inner Mongolia, we can see that,with the all-round development of social economy and culture, both in the interior and coastal areas, the government, social organizations and local residents innovated the folk tradition with their living marine or grassland characteristic, and reconstructed a unique Marine celebration or international folk cultural tourism festival.These traditional ritual activities are used to pray for no disasters, under the guidance of government and related departments, and also holding the sacred mission of publicizing tourism resources, promoting economic development and improving people life quality. However, due to the part of excessive commercialization and government-leading, the rituals are losing their original ideology gradually. The two folks custom activities, developed based on theirbeliefs, are becoming scale,expansion and standardization, due to the participation of government, and in the process presenting their new unique aspect in front of the world.%通过对山东青岛田横祭海仪式和内蒙古呼伦贝尔新巴尔虎右旗宝格德圣山敖包祭祀各自的庆典化过程及其社会影响的比较可知，随着社会经济和文化的全方位发展，无论是在内陆还是在沿海地区，政府、社会团体及当地居民都在结合赖以生存的海洋或草原的自然环境特征将民俗传统加以创新重建，打造独具特色的海洋庆典或国际民俗文化旅游节。这些传统祭祀活动除了祈祷丰饶地区居民生活以外，在政府以及相关部门的指导下，还担当起了对外宣传旅游资源、推动经济发展及提高地区人们生活质量的神圣使命。与此同时由于部分祭祀活动过度的商业化和政府主导化，祭祀仪式也在逐渐丧失其最初的意识形态。这两项基于各自居民信仰发展起来的民俗活动，正在政府的参与下走向规模化、扩大化和规范化，并在这一过程中以其独有的方式向世人彰显文化特色。