残留容积对柱塞泵容积效率的影响

摘要

为提高柱塞泵的工作效率,研究了残留容积和柱塞副间隙对柱塞泵效率的影响.通过理论分析发现由于多缸运作,减小残留容积可以有效地提高柱塞泵的容积效率,但过多地减小柱塞腔容积,会使得柱塞由于过热而产生"咬死"现象,这个问题通过增大柱塞副间隙可以得到改善.结合状态平衡和流体力学,推导出柱塞副周向摩擦力的受力方程.仿真数据表明,随着柱塞副间隙的增大,其所受周向摩擦力也增大,并且损失了泵的机械效率.因此,需适当调节残留客积来提高柱塞泵的效率.%To raise the availability of the bar piston pump,we have studied the influences of residual volume and the gap of piston-cylinder pair on the efficiency of plunger pump. Through the theoretical analysis,we found that the reduction of residual volume could effectively improve the volumetric efficiency of plunger pump ,but too smaller volume in the plunger chamber can make the plunger over-heated and have it “killed”. It can be improved by increasing the gap of the piston-cylinder pair. In combination with state balance and fluid mechanics,we derived the circumferential friction force equation, and to solve it, we used a digital simulation program. Simulations show that, with the plunger clearances increased, the circumferential friction force will also increase ,thus reducing the mechanical efficiency of the pump. Therefore, an appropriate adjustment of residual volume is needed.