不同生育时期的干旱胁迫对豌豆干物质积累及产量的影响

摘要

Pea is the main rotation crop in arid region.Researching the compensatory effect of re-wate-ring after drought stress can lay the theoretical foundation for the full compensation and then the reduced production losses.Soil culture experiment was conducted to study the effects of drought stress on dry mat-ter accumulation and yield of pea.Stress of 50% relative water content was exerted in three ways,i.e.bud-ding stage-flowering and podding stage-maturation period (W2 ),branching stage-budding stage + flower-ing and podding stage-maturation period (W3 ),branching stage-budding stage-flowering and podding stage (W4 ),while 75% relative water content was maintained in whole growth stage (W1 )as contrast (CK). The result showed that drought stress significantly reduced the dry matter accumulation,which trended to-wards W1>W3>W2>W4 in flowering to podding stage and maturation period.W3 had a compensation effect on growth rate.The reduction of dry matter accumulation resulted from water shortage in budding stage to flowering and podding stage was the highest.Compared with CK,the number of pods and grain yield per plant were significantly reduced under the three kinds of drought stress condition.Grain yield of W3 increased by 18%~26% than that of W2 and W4 .W3 had the highest compensatory effect of re-wate- ring in these three stress treatments.%豌豆是旱区主要的轮作倒茬作物,研究干旱胁迫后豌豆的复水效应可为充分发挥补偿作用而降低减产损失奠定理论基础.试验采用土培方法,单因素4水平试验,研究了全生育期正常供水的对照(W1),花荚期+成熟期50%相对含水量胁迫(W2)、孕蕾期+成熟期50%相对含水量胁迫(W3)和孕蕾期+花荚期50%相对含水量胁迫(W4)4种处理对豌豆干物质累积和产量的影响.结果表明：相对于全生育期正常供水的对照(W1),干旱胁迫显著降低了豌豆的干物质积累量；花荚期及成熟期的干物质量均呈现 W1>W3>W2>W4的趋势,孕蕾期+花荚期(W4)缺水对豌豆干物质积累的降低作用最大.与对照相比,3种干旱胁迫方式下单株豆荚数和单株籽粒产量均显著降低,但 W3的籽粒产量比 W2及 W4高18%~26%.3种胁迫处理中,孕蕾期+成熟期50%相对含水量胁迫(W3)具有显著的复水补偿效应.