聚合物包覆金属纳米粒子的制备研究进展∗

摘要

近年来，金属纳米粒子，尤其是金、银和铜，由于独特的热学、光学和电学性质及在纳米电子、纳米光学、信息存储、催化、生物和生物医学方面的潜在应用吸引了重大的研究兴趣。目前，聚合物包覆金属纳米复合粒子的研究得到广泛关注。一方面可以保持金属纳米粒子的特殊性质和功能，另一方面聚合物作为壳层材料可以增强纳米粒子的长期稳定性，调控纳米粒子的溶解性，提高纳米粒子与聚合物基体的相容性和可加工性等。本文综述了聚合物包覆金属纳米粒子的制备研究进展，主要包括乳液聚合法、沉淀聚合法、原位聚合法、配体交换法、壳交联法等，提出和分析了每种方法的优缺点，并对该材料的发展做了展望。聚合物包覆金属纳米粒子的工业化应用仍然是一个重要的挑战，有待进一步发展更适合工业化生产的方法。%In recent years,metal nanoparticles (NPs),particularly gold,silver,and copper,have attracted sig-nificant research interest due to their unique thermal,electrical,and optical properties and are of great impor-tant potential applications in many fields such as nano-electronics,nano-optics,data storage,catalyst,biology, and biomedicine.Metal NPs coated by polymer shell are currently undergoing intense research.On one hand, they can keep the special properties and function of metal NPs.On the other hand,the polymer shell not only can improve the long term stability and regulate the solubility of NPs but also improve the compatibility be-tween metal NPs and polymer matrix and the processing properties etc.In this paper,the recent progress in preparation methods of metal NPs coated by polymer shell was reviewed in detail,including emulsion polymeri-zation,precipitation polymerization,in situ polymerization,ligand exchange method,and shell crosslink meth-od.And the advantages and disadvantages of every method were put forward and analyzed.At last,the fore-grounds and challenge of metal NPs coated by polymer shell materials were also discussed.The industry product of metal NPs compactly coated by polymer shell is still an important challenge.And new preparation method for industry product also needs to be further improved.