硝基呋喃类药物是一类人工合成的广谱抗菌药物，主要包括呋喃唑酮、呋喃妥因、呋喃它酮、呋喃西林等。因其价格相对低廉，曾大量应用于家禽、家畜和水产品动物的细菌性疾病的预防和治疗。原药在动物体内代谢速度快，半衰期短，其代谢物与蛋白组织结合紧密，残留时间长。研究发现原药及代谢物对人体有潜在的致癌致畸等作用，世界各国在动物源性食品生产过程中已全面禁止此类药物的使用，并规定了检测标准，但动物养殖者们违法使用硝基呋喃类药物的现象仍有发生。硝基呋喃类药物的检测方法繁多，主要有色谱分析法、免疫学方法等，各类方法均有其优点与局限性。本文综述了近年来对食品中硝基呋喃类药物及代谢物的残留检测方法，并对硝基呋喃类代谢物残留的检测方法的趋势进行展望。%Nitrofuran drugs are a kind of synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics, including furazolidone, nitrofurantoin, nitrofural and furaltadone. Due to the irrelatively cheap price, they are widely applied in the prevention and treatment of bacterial diseases in poultry, livestock and aquatic products.Invivometabolize of the original drugs is fast and half-life is short, in addition, their metabolites combine proteins tightly and remain long time in the body. The study revealed that nitrofuran drugs and metabolites had potential side effects such as carcinogenic and teratogenic, which leaded this kind of drugs were totally banned from using in the process of animal food production in the whole world, as well as testing standards had been developed, however, nitrofuran drugs were often illegally used by animal farmers. There are lots of methods for the detection of nitrofuran drugs, like chromatography and immunology. Each method has its merits and drawbacks. This paper summarized the detection methods for residues of nitrofurans drugs and their metabolites in food in recent years, and discussed the trend of the detection methods for the metabolites of nitrofuran drugs in the future.
展开▼
