结冰风洞过冷大水滴结冰条件模拟能力综述

摘要

The icing wind tunnel is the most important ground facility in the research of ice accretion tests and the ice anti/protection devices design of airplanes.With the increasing importance of the supercooled large droplets ice accretions on the airplane surface and the development of the SLD airworthiness, the SLD icing condition simulation capability need to be developed in the icing wind tunnel.This paper presents the analysis results of the SLD icing condition in CFR14-25 Appendix O and the requirements of the SLD condition simulation in the icing wind tunnel.The developing status and the key problems of SLD icing condition simulation capabilities in several icing wind tunnels, such as IRT and CIRA-IWT are also presented.The three main key problems in the development of the SLD icing condition capability in the icing wind tunnel are the generation of large water droplets and it's turbulent mixing characteristics with the cloud in wind tunnel, the supercool process of large drops and the drop spectra accurate measurement in wide bands.The development roadmap and the key technology solution method of SLD icing condition simulation capability of icing wind tunnel of CARDC are presented in the end of this paper.%结冰风洞是进行飞行器等结冰现象及防/除冰装置研究的重要地面模拟设备.随着过冷大水滴结冰现象对飞行性能及防除冰装置设计影响的重要性日益显现,以及过冷大水滴结冰条件适航标准的提出,亟需在结冰风洞中发展SLD结冰条件的模拟能力.本文分析了CFR14-25部附录O中所确定的SLD结冰条件及其对结冰风洞的相关模拟能力所提出的要求;介绍了目前国外几座具有典型代表意义的结冰风洞及气动中心的结冰风洞在发展SLD结冰条件模拟能力方面所取得的成果及所面临的问题.本文认为过冷大水滴的产生及其与云雾颗粒在风洞内的湍流混合、超大尺度的水滴在气流中的过冷以及宽滴谱范围的颗粒度分布测量等问题,是在发展SLD结冰条件模拟能力方面所面临的关键技术问题,提出了中国空气动力研究与发展中心在发展结冰风洞SLD模拟能力方面所采取的技术路线及关键技术解决方法.