美军无人机作战的三大伦理困境

摘要

美国无人机的军事应用给传统的战争伦理体系带来新的挑战。首先，无人作战的虚拟环境，可能引发认知层面的紊乱，同时造成目标识别的技治主义倾向；其次，无人作战的不对等打击优势，打破了军事对抗的均衡性，可能造成滥用的后果；再次，无人机智能化水平的提升，引起关于无人机作战的人道性和责任分配的争议，同时还有对军人武德精神消弭的忧虑。对上述3个方面问题作了深入研究与探讨，并尝试进行有针对性的伦理规约，以解决目前所面临的伦理困境。%The applications of unmanned aerial vehicles in the US armed forces bring new challen-ges to traditional ethics of warfare.First of all,the virtual environment of unmanned warfare may cause confusion at cognitive layer while leading to technocracy in target identification;secondly,the asymmetric advantages in the unmanned warfare will break the balance of the military conflict and may cause misuse of military force;thirdly,the enhancement of intelligent level of unmanned aerial vehicles causes a dispute over the ethics and liability distribution in the operations using unmanned aerial vehicles and raise concerns about the vanish of martial virtue of soldiers.This paper researches on the three aspects mentioned above,and tries to slove the moral dilemmas we currently facing,by proposing specific protocols.