突发环境事件风险源识别与监控技术创新进展--（Ⅱ）环境风险源监控技术与案例

摘要

The advanced experience of the environmental risk source monitoring techniques in foreign and domestic countries was summarized, and the characteristics of China ’s environmental risk source monitoring techniques analyzed.It was pointed out that compared with the developed countries, there existed many problems in the environmental risk source monitoring techniques in China.The basic information of environmental risk sources was not clear, the monitoring indicators could not meet the environmental management needs and the monitoring and management mode of environmental risk sources was relatively backward.Based on the user requirement analysis, the design principles of the environmental risk source monitoring technique system were put forward, i.e.the principles of supreme, reliability, integrity and economic interest.According to the technical line of information process of“data acquisition, transmission, processing and application”, the environmental risk source monitoring technique system was constructed from five aspects, i.e.the monitoring scheme design, the monitoring equipment technology, the monitoring data acquisition and transmission, the monitoring network structure, and the monitoring management system, etc. Finally, the environmental risk source monitoring techniques were applied and demonstrated in Minhang District of Shanghai, Gaoqiao Petrochemical Area of Shanghai and Zhangjiakou City.%总结了国内外环境风险源监控技术方面的先进经验，分析了当前我国环境风险源监控技术体系的特点，指出与发达国家相比，我国在环境风险源监控技术上存在的问题，包括环境风险源基本信息底数不清、监控指标不能满足环境管理的需求以及环境风险源监控管理方式相对落后。在调研用户需求的基础上，提出了我国环境风险源监控技术体系的设计原则为先进性、可靠性、整体性和经济性原则。按照“数据采集—传输—处理—应用”的信息处理思路，分别从监控方案设计、监控技术与设备、监控数据采集传输、监控网络架构、监控管理系统等5个方面构建了环境风险源监控技术体系。并将环境风险源监控技术在上海市闵行区、高桥石化地区及张家口市进行了应用示范。