基于土地转移矩阵的生态服务功能研究--以南京市仙林新市区为例

摘要

以南京市仙林新市区为例，运用土地转移矩阵方法分析土地利用变化，并采用专家打分法和层次分析法对生态服务功能进行分类评价，对其结果进行空间化表达，分析土地利用变化对生态服务功能的影响。结果表明：（1）2003—2013年仙林新市区耕地和水体面积大量减少，而建设用地、密集型草地和裸地面积大量增加。土地利用类型变化主要体现在耕地、水体向建设用地、密集型草地和裸地的转移。（2）区域生态服务功能整体降低，但生态服务功能改变程度具有空间异质性，西北部和中部的大部分区域生态服务功能降低程度高，而东南部小部分区域降低程度低。（3）耕地、有林地和水体向建设用地的转移是造成生态服务功能降低的主要原因，其作用程度达到70％以上。%A case study was carried out of Xianlin of Nanjing, a newly developed urban area for analysis of changes in land use pattern with the transfer matrix method, and classification and evaluation of eco⁃services with the experts grading method and AHP method, of which the results were presented spatially for further analysis of effects of changes in land use on eco⁃service functions of the area. The results show that ( 1) during the decade from 2003 to 2013, in the Xianlin re⁃gion, the areas of farmland and water surface dropped by a large margin, while those of construction land, intensive grass⁃land and bare land expanded remarkably, signifying changes in land use were embodied mainly in alienation of the former into the latter;( 2) eco⁃service functions of the region declined as a whole, but varied spatially, that is, more significantly in the northwest and middle parts of the region and less in the southeast;and ( 3) the alienation of farmland, forest land and water surface into construction land and bare land was the major cause of the decline of its eco⁃service functions, and held responsible for 70% of the decline.