针对北京地区发酵床猪舍夏季热应激严重以及冬季通风不足的问题,试验在发酵床猪舍改造安装湿帘-风机负压通风降温系统,研究其对冬夏季节舍内热环境和空气质量的影响.结果表明:夏季在舍外日平均温度33.7℃时,与对照舍相比,妊娠试验舍和育肥试验舍内日平均温度分别低3.0℃和2.8℃(P＜0.05),有效环境温度(EET)分别低10.0℃和9.8℃(P＜0.01),猪只处于舒适区域而对照舍猪只处于热应激水平;在高温时刻14:00,妊娠试验舍内发酵床表面温度、母猪的呼吸频率和皮肤温度比妊娠对照舍分别低2.9℃、17.2次/min和1.6℃(P＜0.05).冬季在气温较高时段开启小风量风机短时间通风期间,试验舍内温度降低0.4～1.3℃,NH3和CO2浓度及细菌总数降低幅度分别为58.1％～71.2％、49.6％～53.5％和21.9％～36.0％;当舍内相对湿度＞75％时机械通风后舍内PM2.5和PM10降低幅度分别为12.3％～20.0％和11.3％～24.9％,当舍内相对湿度＜75％时机械通风会增加舍内的粉尘浓度.因此,发酵床猪舍使用湿帘-风机系统既能满足夏季降温通风的需要,还能在冬季潮湿环境中改善空气质量,但冬季在适宜的相对湿度条件下应控制较小的气流速度.%To cope with the problem of severe heat stress in summer and ineffective ventilation in winter for pig house with fermentation bed in Beijing area,a negative-pressure cooling pad fan system was installed in pig house with fermentation bed to study the indoor heat environment and air quality after installation.The results show when outdoor daily average temperature was 33.7 ℃ in summer,the daily average temperature in pregnancy and fattening pig houses were 3.0 ℃ and 2.8 ℃ (P＜0.05) lower than that of the control pig house,the effective environment temperature(EET) were 10.0 ℃ and 9.8 ℃ (P＜0.01) lower respectively,the pigs were comfortable while pigs in control house were in stress;at 14:00 when the temperature is the highest,the surface temperature of fermentation bed,sow's respiratory frequency and skin temperature of pigs in pregnancy test house were 2.9 ℃,17.2 times/min and 1.6 ℃ (P＜0.05) lower than that in pregnancy control house.In winter when the temperature was comparatively high and the fan was operating for ventilation,the indoor temperature in test house dropped 0.4 to 1.3 ℃,the concentration of NH3 and CO2 as well as bacteria total count decreased by 58.1％ to 71.2％,49.6％ to 53.5％ and 21.9％ to 36.0％;when the indoor relative humidity was above 75％ and the fan was operating,the indoor PM2.5 and PM10 dropped by 12.3％ to 20.0％ and 11.3％ to 24.9％,when the indoor relative humidity was below 75％,the operation of fan would increase the dust concentration.Therefore,the pad-fan system in fermentation pig house can both meet the need of cooling and ventilation in summer,and improve the air quality of humid environment in winter,but small air speed is required under appropriate relative humidity in winter.
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