注意缺陷多动障碍患儿父母严厉管教、亲子依恋与自我意识的关系

摘要

目的:探讨学龄期注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)患儿父母严厉管教、亲子依恋与自我意识的关系. 方法:分别对ADHD患儿(ADHD组,103例)及一般情况相匹配的正常儿童(对照组,103名)进行依恋安全性量表(KSS)、儿童自我意识量表(PHCSS)及自制的严厉管教方式问卷调查;分析ADHD患儿父母严厉管教、亲子依恋与自我意识的关系. 结果:ADHD组PHCSS总分及各分量表评分显著低于对照组(P均＜0.01);ADHD组父亲责骂评分与PHCSS行为及幸福与满足因子分负相关(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),父亲体罚评分与PHCSS总分、行为、合群、幸福与满足因子分负相关(P＜0.05或P＜0.01);ADHD患儿父子依恋是父亲体罚与儿童自我意识间的完全中介变量;多元线性回归分析显示,父子依恋是ADHD患儿自我意识的重要影响因素(B=8.954,SE=2.216,β=0.373,P=0.014,R2=0.139,F=16.333). 结论:ADHD患儿自我意识低下受到不良的亲子依恋及严厉管教方式的影响;减少严厉管教方式有利于改善ADHD患儿亲子依恋关系,进而可以改善ADHD患儿的自我意识发展,促进ADHD患儿心理健康成长.%Objective:To study the the correlation of parental harsh discipline and parent-child attachment with self-concept in school-age children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).Method:The survey was made in 103 ADHD children (ADHD group) and 103 matched normal children (control group) by Kerns security scale (KSS),Piers-Harris children's self-concept scale (PHCSS) and self-designed questionnaire of parental harsh discipline.The relationships between parental harsh discipline,parent-child attachment and self-concept in children with ADHD were analyzed.Results:Compared with the control group,the scores of all sub-scales and total scores of the PHCSS were significantly lower in ADHD group (all P ＜ 0.01).The scores of father scolding children were negatively correlated with the PHCSS scores of behavior,happiness and satisfaction.The scores of father spanking children were negatively correlated with the PHCSS scores of behavior,gregariousness,happiness and satisfaction and the total scores (P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜ 0.01).Father-child attachment of children with ADHD was a full mediator between father spanking children and children's self-concept.Multiple linear regression analysis showed that father-child attachment was a significant influential factor of self-concept in children with ADHD (B =8.954,SE =2.216,β =0.373,P =0.014,R2 =0.139,F =16.333).Conclusion:The poor self-concept in children with ADHD was under the influence of poor parent-child attachment and parental harsh discipline.To reduce harsh parental discipline is conducive to the improvement of parent-child attachment of ADHD children.The improvement of parent-child attachment is conducive to the improvement of self-concept and the development of mental health in ADHD children.