母乳喂养是降低新生儿死亡率的重要干预手段之一,对早产儿尤其如此.早产母乳中的成分与足月母乳不同,其营养价值和生物学功能更适合早产儿的需求.在NICU积极推进母乳喂养能降低早产相关疾病的发生率,改善神经行为发育,降低成年慢性非传染性疾病的发病风险.对低出生体质量早产儿,强化母乳喂养是最佳的喂养方式,能优化蛋白质摄入,促进早产儿体格增长和骨骼矿化.应当以积极的支持策略来保证早产儿母乳喂养的顺利实施.%Breastfeeding is one of the important methods of intervention to reduce the neonatal mortality, especially for premature infants. The composition in breast milk of mothers with premature infants is different from that of mothers with term infants. Their nutritional content and biological function are more suitable for the needs of premature infants. Promoting breastfeeding in the NICU can reduce the incidence of some diseases in premature infants, improve neurobehavioral development and reduce the risk of the chronic disease in adulthood. Fortified breastfeeding which optimize protein intake, promote physical growth and bone mineralization is the best way of feeding for premature infants with low birth weight. The active support strategies should be made to ensure breastfeeding success for premature infants.
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