亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶基因多态性与儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病化疗中甲氨蝶呤毒性相关性的meta分析

摘要

目的 评价亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶(MTHFR)基因C 677 T位点多态性与儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)化疗用药甲氨蝶呤(MTX)不良反应易感性的关联.方法 计算机检索The Cochrane Library、PubMed、EMbase、EMCC、OVID、CNKI、VIP和WanFang Data数据库,检索时间均为建库至2016年3月.2名研究者独立筛选文献、提取资料数据并评价纳入研究的偏倚风险后,采用RevMan 5.3和Stata 12.0软件,分别以隐性、显性、共显性、加性和等位基因模型对基因多态性与MTX化疗时不良反应的关联进行meta分析.结果 共纳入12项研究,均为病例-对照研究,其中病例组1419例,对照组2188例.Meta分析结果显示,纳入的研究中MTHFR基因多态性在5种分析模型下与ALL患儿予以MTX化疗时中性粒细胞减少、血小板减少、血红蛋白减少、黏膜损害以及肝功能损害的不良反应均无关联.共显性模型下,MTHFR基因多态位点C677T与MTX总不良反应易感性的关联具有统计学意义(OR=1.39,95％CI:1.02～1.91,P=0.04).隐性基因模型下,MTHFR的C677T多态性和MTX化疗时胃肠道不良反应的发生风险减少有关(OR=3.31,95％CI:1.03～10.59,P=0.04).显性基因模型下,MTHFR的C677T多态性和MTX化疗时皮肤损害不良反应的风险减少存在关联(OR=3.05,95％CI:1.25～7.41,P=0.01).结论 MTHFR的C677T多态性和MTX化疗时不良反应并无显著关联,但仍需行更大样本研究分析.%Objective To evaluate the association between methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene C677T polymorphism and susceptibility to methotrexate (MTX) adverse reaction in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) chemotherapy. Method The data bases of The Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMbase, EMCC, OVID, CNKI, VIP and WanFang Data were searched for relevant articles published in English and Chinese up to March 2016. Two researchers independently screened literature, extracted data, and assessed bias risk in the included studies. The RevMan 5.3 and Stata 12 software were used to analyze the association between gene polymorphism and the adverse reaction of MTX chemotherapy with the recessive, dominance, co-dominance, addition and allele gene model respectively. Results A total of 12 studies were included and all of them were case-control study, with 1419 cases in case group and 2188 cases in control group. The results of meta-analysis showed that the MTHFR gene polymorphism was unrelated to the untoward effect of neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, hemoglobin reduction, mucosal damage and liver function damage during MTX chemotherapy in children with ALL under the 5 analytical models. Under the co-dominance gene model, the association between MTHFR polymorphism C677T and overall adverse reaction of MTX was statistically significant (OR=1.39, 95％CI: 1.02～1.91, P=0.04). In the recessive gene model, the C677T polymorphism of MTHFR was associated with a reduced risk of gastrointestinal adverse reactions during MTX chemotherapy (OR=3.31, 95％CI: 1.03～10.59, P=0.04). In the dominance gene model, the C677T polymorphism of MTHFR was associated with a reduced risk of skin damage induced by MTX chemotherapy (OR=3.05, 95％CI: 1.25～7.41, P=0.01). Conclusion There is no significant association between the C677T polymorphism of MTHFR and the adverse effects of MTX chemotherapy, butfurther studies with larger sample size are needed.