Objective To investigate the effects on the regeneration of axons and the recovery of nerve function of immediate and 2 weeks after spinal cord injury. Methods Healthy Wistar rats 3 months old were divided into immediate successfully established spinal cord flap group (immediate transplantation after spinal cord injury model of olfactory ensheathing cells),2 weeks group(2 weeks after spinal cord injury cut injury model using random number table after transplantation of olfactory ensheathing cells)and the control group(only for complete spinal cord injury, no other treatment)each including 12,respectively. After spinal cord injury in the first week,2 weeks,4 weeks,8 weeks on three groups of rats, joint behavioral score(CBS),were observed in the fourth week of production spinal specimens,measured 8 weeks somatosensory cortex evoked potential(CSEP)and motor evoked potentials( MEP)latency,the spinal axon regeneration using silver staining. Results After 1 week,2 weeks,4 weeks,8 weeks group,CBS score in these groups had statistically significant difference( P < 0. 05). At different time points in each group,these indexes were in the order of immediate relationship group < 2 weeks < control group and the differences were statistically significant ( P < 0. 05). The CBS rating of three groups of rats showed significant decreasing trend( P < 0. 05). After eight weeks,MEP latency differences in the group immediately,2 weeks,CSEP blank group had statistically significant difference( P < 0. 05). The immediately set of < 2 weeks group was less than that of control group and the differences were statistically significance( P < 0. 05). Conclusion Immediately after spinal cord injury and two weeks after transplantation of olfactory ensheathing cells have a certain value on axon regeneration and recovery of neurological function,which had the best effect of immediately olfactory ensheathing transplantation after spinal cord injury.%目的：探讨大鼠脊髓损伤后即刻与2周后植入嗅鞘细胞对轴突再生及神经功能恢复的影响。方法选取健康3月龄左右 Wistar 大鼠36只，成功建立脊髓瓣切损伤模型后采用随机数字表法分为即刻组（脊髓损伤模型建立后即刻移植嗅鞘细胞）、2周组（脊髓损伤2周后移植嗅鞘细胞）和空白组（仅作完全性脊髓损伤，不做其他处理）各12只，分别于脊髓损伤后第1周、2周、4周、8周对3组大鼠进行大鼠联合行为学计分法评分（CBS），各取6只大鼠采用 HE染色于第4周分别观察制作脊髓标本进行观察，于第8周测定各组大鼠的皮质体感诱发电位（CSEP）和运动诱发电位（MEP）潜伏期，采用嗜银染色观察各组脊髓轴突再生情况。结果术后1周、2周、4周、8周即刻组、2周组、空白组的CBS 评分差异均具有统计学意义（ P <0.05），在不同时间点均各组间比较关系为即刻组<2周组<空白组且差异均具有统计学意义（ P <0.05）；随着时间延长，三组大鼠的 CBS 评分均呈现出显著的降低趋势（ P <0.05）。术后第8周，即刻组、2周组、空白组的 CSEP、MEP 潜伏期差异均具有统计学意义（ P <0.05），组间比较即刻组<2周组<空白组且差异均具有统计学意义（ P <0.05）。结论脊髓损伤后即刻与2周后植入嗅鞘细胞对轴突再生及神经功能恢复均具有一定的价值，脊髓损伤后即刻进行嗅鞘细胞植入的效果更好。
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