Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of detection of serum complement C3 and C4 levels for evaluation of hepatic patho-logical status in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Methods 180 patients with chronic hepatitis B in our hospital from May 2012 to May 2014 were selected as the observation group in this study. 80 cases who were considered healthy at the same period as the control group. The liver tissue path-ological grading and staging were given to all patients,detect and record the level of serum complement C3 and C4 for statistical analysis in all groups,while analysis the correlation of the level of Serum complement C3 and C4 with liver tissue pathological grading and staging. Results The level of C3 and C4 of patients with severe liver tissue pathological grading and staging were significantly lower than these in mild cases,the differ-ence was statistically significant( P ﹤ 0. 05). The level of C3 and C4 in the observation group were significantly lowerer than those in the control group,the difference was statistically significant( P ﹤ 0. 05). In the observation group,the level of C3 and C4 was negatively associated with liv-er tissue pathological grading and staging,the difference was statistically significant( P ﹤ 0. 05). Conclusion The level of C3 and C4 are sensi-tive markers for chronic hepatitis B,thus detection of serum complement C3 and C4 levels has a great significance for the prognosis of viral hepatitis patients.%目的：探讨检测血清补体 C3、C4水平在慢性乙型肝炎患者肝组织病理学诊诊断中的临床意义。方法选择2012年5月至2014年8月接受诊治的慢性乙型肝炎患者180例作为观察组；另外选择同期的健康体检者80例作为对照组。对所有患者进行肝组织病理学分级和分期，并检测观察组和对照组的血清补体 C3和 C4水平，同时分析所有患者 C3和 C4水平与肝组织病理学分级、分期的相关性。结果炎症分级和肝纤维化程度高的患者其 C3和 C4水平明显低于病情较轻患者，差异具有统计学意义（ P ﹤0.05）。观察组的 C3以及 C4各水平明显低于对照组，差异具有统计学意义（ P ﹤0.05）。C3、C4水平与患者肝炎分级程度以及肝纤维化程度呈负相关，差异具有统计学意义（ P ﹤0.05）。结论通过测定补体 C3和 C4水平对慢性乙型肝炎患者的肝组织病理学分级、分期具有一定的判别意义，进而对该患者的诊治以及预后有所助益。
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