“主客二分”与“天人合一”——从《浮士德》与《西游记》看中西文化差异性和互补性

摘要

Subject-object dichotomy is an important concept in western culture while heaven-human integration is the dominat concept in traditional Chinese culture. Faust and A Journey to the West, two literaray works in the west and in the east respectively, are imprinted with their own cultural soil. Faust as an integral man is a human image of subject-object dichotomy while Monkey King as a half-man-half-monster is an image of heaven-human integration. The plot embodying the individualism in Faust foreshaodows the concept of subject-object dichotomy while the plot embodying collectivism in A Journey to the West reflects the concept of heaven-human integration. There are vast differences bwtween the two cultures, but they are not purely conflicting but mutually complementing.%主客二分是西方传统文化中的一个重要观念,而天人合一则是中国传统文化中的主导思想。《浮士德》和《西游记》,一西一中,有着各自文化土壤的痕迹。浮士德作为完整的人是主客二分的人物形象,而孙悟空作为半人半妖是天人合一的形象;《浮士德》中体现个体本位观念的故事情节有着主客二分的影子,而彰显集体本位观念的《西游记》体现了天人合一的观念。这两种截然不同的文化观念具有很大的差异性,但两者并不是相互对立的,而是具有互补性。