在世界史中,江户时代被视为日本封建制度的成熟期。在＂天下太平、文教昌盛＂的社会大背景下,教育,尤其是官方教育对促进整个社会文化发展满足各个阶层文化需求方面所起到的作用至关重要。其中,发源于中国两宋的程朱理学不仅为德川幕府的独裁统治提供了强有力的意识形态理论支持,而且在官方主导下逐步取得了社会教育垄断权。朱子学官学的兴盛固然为幕府培养诸多忠诚能干的文武人才,但在江户时代的思想史上却留下了排斥异己的＂学霸＂形象。朱子学的核心价值观＂大义名分＂在朱子学与其他学派冲突交锋过程中逐渐演变为质疑幕府统治合法性的理论依据,从而成为明治维新之前＂尊王攘夷＂运动的思想导火线。%The Edo period was considered as the peak of Japanese feudalism in world history. Education, especial- ly official education of the Neo - Confucianism played an important role in promoting the development of society and culture to meet the cultural requirements of people from all walks of life in the background of "peaceful society and flourishing culture". Neo - Confucianism originating from the Northern and Southern Song dynasty supported the Tokugawa' s dictatorship with powerful theory of ideology and it gradually obtained monopoly on social education under the guidance of the government. Despite the fact that it had cultivated indeed numerous loyal talents for the government, it left an impression of "Arbiter of Education" in the intellectual history of the Edo period. "Righteous Cause", the core value of Neo -Confucianism, evolved into the theoretical foundation to question the legitimacy of the Shogunate in conflicts with other schools. Therefore, it turned into the thought fuse of "Sonno -Joei Movement" on the eve of the Meiji Restoration.
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