School of Bridge and Structural Engineering;
Changsha University of Science and Technology;
Changsha 410076;
China;
College of Civil Engineering;
Hunan University;
Changsha 410082;
China School of Geoscience and Environmental Engineering;
Central South University;
Changsha 410083;
China China Construction First Group Corporation Limited;
Beijing 100073;
China;
clay-solidified; grouting; curtain; contaminant; transport; landfills;