建立铁路客运站候车厅的数学物理模型，并采用实测数据对物理模型进行验证；运用数值模拟的方法，对比分析候车厅冬季最不利工况下，采用分层空调、地板辐射结合喷口送风和地板辐射结合通风柱送风共3种供暖方案下候车厅的室内热舒适性和空气品质。研究结果表明：单独使用分层空调系统时，候车厅室内出现了严重的“热气上浮”现象，非空调区域囤积有大量热量，难以满足室内舒适性要求，并造成能源的大量浪费；采用辐射地板与送风相结合的供暖系统，能得到较均匀的温度场分布，人员活动区垂直方向温差较小，有利于改善冬季空调“头暖脚凉”的不舒适感，并且大大减少了因对流换热造成的热损失，其供暖能耗可降低20%左右。%A mathematical physics model of a railway waiting room was established, which was confirmed by experimental data later. Numerical simulation was used to analyze indoor thermal comfort and air quality of the waiting room in the worst operating condition in winter. Three different heating systems i.e., stratified air conditioning system, radiation floor heating system combined with ejector nozzle air supply and radiation floor heating system with artificial pillar air supply were researched. The results show that relatively hot air goes upward in stratified air conditioning system, which results in heat accumulation, uncomforting and enormous loss of energy. Combined with stratified air conditioning system, radiation floor heating system contributes to more uniform temperature field and less temperature difference in perpendicular direction of occupied zone, which is beneficial to ameliorating the feeling of “warm feet and cool head”. Moreover, it can reduce the heat loss of heat convection and decrease energy consumption of heating by 20 percent.
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