Morphological and anatomical characteristics and external morphology of Camellia oleifera flower bud during differentiation were studied using routine paraffin section. The results show that ①solitary , didymous or multiple flower buds were axillary or terminal,, and there were also mixed buds; ②The differentiation of flower bud started at the beginning of May, and ended at the middle and later September, there were slightly differences a-mong different clones in flower bud differentation period; ③The process of flower bud differentiation can be divided into 6 periods: pre-differentiation of flower bud,sepal formation, petal formation, stamen and pistil formation, anther and ovule formation,as well as stamen and pistil maturity, stamen and pistil primordium differentiated simultaneously, and stamen and pistil synchronized development during stamen and pistil formation; Development of pistil was slightly earlier than that of stamen during anther and ovule formation, firstly the lower part of pistil enlarged, then extended upword and closure up, forming ovary, loculc ovule and stigma, Subsequently stamen elongated quickly and formed anther; Meanwhile ovule was also elongated, when stamen and pistil maturity. At the period of stamen and pistil maturity all the organs were becoming mature; ④Correspondingly , external morphology changed at different differentiation stage.%采用常规石蜡切片法对普通油茶花芽分化过程中的形态解剖学特征进行了研究,同时对花芽的外部形态进行了观察.结果表明:①油茶花芽顶生或腋生,单生、双生或多生.存在花芽、叶芽在一起的混和芽；②花芽分化于5月上旬开始,9月中下旬基本完成,不同无性系花芽分化时期存在差异；③花芽分化过程可划分为6个时期:花芽前分化期、萼片形成期、花瓣形成期、雌雄蕊形成期、子房与花药形成期、雌雄蕊成熟期.从石蜡切片看出雌雄蕊原基同时出现,在雌雄蕊形成期雌雄蕊发育基本同步,在子房与花药形成期雌蕊发育略早于雄蕊,雌蕊下部先期膨大,向上延伸并合拢形成子房、子房室、胚珠、柱头,随后雄蕊加快伸长并形成花药,雌蕊花柱也开始伸长.在雌雄蕊成熟期各器官继续长大,发育日趋成熟；④各发育时期有其对应的外观形态特征.
展开▼
