大兴安岭森林健康经营效果评价研究

摘要

Based on theory of forest health management, the stand health evaluation system was founded from four aspects, stand structure characters, species diversity, stand vitality and biomass allocation that express stand’s health state. The health evaluation indexes (Hi) were calculated via measuring the weights of each indicator determined by analytical hierarchy process. Based on the Hi, values, the health management evaluation indexes (Me) were presented through difference comparison method. Then, with the evaluation methods, the health management effects of four plots in Tahe region of Daxing’anling mountain by two kinds of management modes were assessed. The results show that both artificial regeneration and un-mature forest thinning improved the stands’ productivity, sustainability and immunity, are suitable management modes for this region. The studied method, Me as an assessment indicator of health management, was very simple and intuitive, has a broad applicability. Therefore, it can provide a theoretical foundation for the management effect evaluation.%根据健康经营理论，从表达林分健康状态的林分结构特征、物种多样性、林分活力和生物量分布等4个方面建立林分健康评价体系。运用层析分析法确定各指标的权重，从而计算出各样地的健康评价指数（Hi），在此基础上用对比差异法提出健康经营效果指数（Me），并用这种方法对大兴安岭塔河地区的4块样地2种健康经营方式经行评价。结果表明：人工更新改造和中幼龄林抚育这2种健康经营方式都使林分得到有效的改善，林分生产力、可持续性和抗干扰性都有不同幅度的提高，表明2种经营方式都是该地区合理的选择。提出的健康经营效果指数能够简洁直观地评价出健康经营的效果，具有广泛的适用性，可为经营效果评价提供理论依据。